Oil burner



June 13, 1944. A c, M SNYDER 2,351,372

Inventor CLHY M. SNYDEA June 13, 1944. c. M. sNYDER OIL BURNER FiledAug. 22, 1942 3 SheeS--SheeI 2 Invento 6m Y M. SNYDER @2W ma! June 13,1944. Q M, SNYDER 2,351,372

OIL BURNER Filed Aug. 22, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 I nuentor @my M..5m/DEF? .mixing chamber in a Patented June 13, 1,944

UNITED sTATiszs` PATENT lcaricia on. norman Clay M. Snyder, Anniston,Ala. Application August 22,1942, serial No 455,803

' (c1. zas-14o) schim.

The invention relates to an improved oil burner, especially although notnecessarily oi' the commercial and industrial type. wherein means areprovided to introduce vair or steam into the hollow tubular streamrather than a solid stream, whereby the volume of air or steam requiredto thoroughly atomize the oil is substantially reduced, and additionaleconomies in operating costs are secured through increased eiiiciencyand complete combustion of the fuel handled through the burner.

An important object of the invention is to provide an improved oilburner of the character indicated in which a single control operates tocoordinately adjust both the entrance of the air or steam under pressureand the ejection of the mixture of oil and air or steam from the mixingchamber, whereby the proportions of air or steam and oil are maintainedcorrect throughout the range of flame adjustment.

Other important objects and advantages of the invention will be apparentfrom a reading oi' the following description taken in connection withthe appended drawings, wherein for purposes of illustration a preferredembodiment of the invention is shown.

In the drawings- Figure 1 is a general side elevational the embodiment.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view on a somewhatenlarged scale taken along the line 3-3 of Figure V2 and lookingupwardly in the direction of the .'arrows.

Figure 4 is a left hand end elevational view of Figure 1 on a somewhatenlarged scale.

Figure 5 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken through Figure 1along the line 5-5 and looking toward the right in the direction of thearrows, and on a somewhat enlarged scale.

Figure 6 is an enlarged transverse vertical sectional view taken throughFigure 3 along the line 8-6 and looking toward the left in the directionof the arrows.

Referring in detail to view of the drawings, the numeral 5 generallydesignates a fiat plate forming a base for securing to a horizontalsupport 6, the base including a tubular riser 'l which has an oil supplyport 8 at one side to which the supply conduit 9 is connected. The upperend of the riser. 1 is threaded as indicated by the numeral ill into areceiving opening in the bottom of the tubular cylindrical oil chamberIl' into whose forward end is threaded as indicated by the numeral I2 areduced portion on the burner v nozzle I3. The nozzle I2 has a. reducedaxial bore or mixing chamber il which is ilared as indicated by thenumeral Il at its rearward end tocooperate with the tapered valve I5which projects axially and forwardly from the generally cylindricalannulus Il whose periphery is indented by circumferentially spacedsemi-circular cross section channels Il forming passages for themovement of oil from the interior of the oil chamber to the entrance ofthe annular space around the valve I8 and in front of the annulus I1where the air or steam mixes with the oil. The movement of the tube 25adjusts the amount the tapered valve I5 projects into the rear end ofthe passage il, thereby determining the amount of flow through thepassage I4.

The interior of the fitting consisting of the tapered valve Il and theannulus I1 is formed with a straight bore portion I9 which extends withan enlarged conical orifice 20 terminating with a. shoulder 2| againstwhich is seated a perforated disk 22 having the circumferentially andradially spaced openings 22. The disk 22 has an axial stem 24 which issmaller in diameter than the bore l5 and is coaxially arranged thereinand extends to the tip of the valve i6, the disk 22 being held in placeby the forward end of the air or steam pressure tube 25 which isthreaded into the rear end of the annulus l1 and against the back of thedisk 22 as clearly shown in Figure 3 of the drawings.

'I'he rearward end of the cylinder Il has an internal ange 28 closelysurrounding the air or steam tube 25 which acts as an abutment for thepacking 21 which surrounds the tube 25 and is expanded and sealed inplace by a threaded gland 28 which threads into the rear end of thecylinder I i over the tube 25 and within which the' tube 25 is slidable.

On the rear end of the portion of the -tube 25 which extends rearwardlyfrom the mixing chamber is threaded a valve body which is generallydesignated 29 which comprises the forwardly projecting horizontal branch30 which is threaded as indicated by the numeral 3| on the rear end ofthe tube 25, and the rising vertical portion 32 which is adapted to beconnected to the air supply conduit 23. The rear end of the valve body28 has a socket 35 in which is arranged a packing 34 which is pressed inplace around the valve rod 31 by the gland 36, the valve rod passingslidably through an opening 38 in the body 30 and terminating at itsforward end in a tapered terminal 3l which can seat in the conformablytapered valve opening 4l which communicates with the air or steampressure tube 2l.

The exposed rear end of the valve rod I1 has threaded thereon alongitudinally adjustable clampable block -4I which has a bifurcatedportion 42 traversed by a clamping bolt 4I whereby after adjustmentalong the valve rod the block 4I may be locked in place. T'he lower partoi the body 4I has a notch 44 into which projects a `ilnger 4l on ablock 4l which is locked by a pin 41 on a cam operated rod 4l which ismounted horizontally in a slide opening 4l in a depending portion B4 onthe rear part of the body 20. The forward part of the branch 34 of thevalve rod 4l has a helical spring Il circumposed thereon between thedepending portion l and a washer or the like stop 52 held in place by acotter key or the like Il.

Means for coordinately adjusting the position of the valve rod I1, andthe position of the valve It relative to the valve seats 40 and I5,respectively, comprises a pair of uprights B4 which rise from the rearpart of the base plate t and have` horizontal portions 55 spaced belowthe tube 25 and the mixing chamber substantially on a line with thevalve rod 48. 'I'hese horizontal portions have inwardly facing slideways56 in which slide the lower edges of the longitudinal sides of `agenerally rectangular frame 51, from one side of which rises theindicator segment which is generally designated I8 and which has a scalemarked arc 59 at its upper end.

Fixedly mounted on` the tube between the mixing chamber and the valvebody 29 is a sleeve 4l which is traversed by a horizontal shaft 6I whichis locked in place by a set screw 62. On an Vextended portion of theshaft 8| is pivoted adjacent its upper end a lever 63, whose upper endis pivoted as indicated by the numeral 64 on a pin on the sector il justabove the sleeve I0, the lower end of the lever 6I being pivoted on apin 65 between the side walls of the'frame 51. One end of a horizontallink 86 is pivotally mounted on the pin 65 and its opposite end ispivoted as indicated by the numeral 81 to the upper end of an arm orlever 6I which is fixed on a shaft 89 which turns in a pair of dependingears 1li on the rearward part of the horizontal portions 55. Also fixedon the shaft 69 is a cam lever 1I which has an upwardly directed camterminal 12 which angularly engages the forward end of the cam rod 48.Also fixed on them shaft v6l is the upwardly projecting indicator arm 1Iwhich is located outside of the indicator segment I8 and has a pointer14 reaching laterally inwardly over the segment il t0 DOint to theindicia of the scale I9.

Figure 3 of the drawings shows both the valve I8 and the valve rod 31 infully closed positions and with the pointer 14 on the indicator armmarking zero on the scale 59, in which arrangement of the parts theburner is inoperative. To bring the burner into operation the indicatorarm 13 is moved toward the right along the scale 59, which action hasthe effect of causing the cam arm 1I to cam the rod 48 in a right handdirection and thereby move the valve rod 31 to a certain open positionrelative to its seat 40. The same movement of the indicator arm 13operates through the linkage of the lever arm 6I, the link 86, the frame51 and the lever arm 83 to move the air or steam tube-25 rearwardlyrelative to the mixing chamber Il and thereby withdraw the valve I6 fromth'e seat I5. With steam or air under pressure coming into the chamberup into the oil chamber around the tube 2l, and

oil from the oil chamber flowing through the passages Il'to a positioninthemixingchamber in front of the valve I1, and the air and steam goingthrough the holes 2l in the disk 22 and forming a hollow tubular streamas the air or steam emerges from the bore II in the valve Il, the oilwill become mixed with the hollow tubular steam or air stream and passthroughthe bore I4 of the nozzle I3 for ignition. As the arm or lever 13is moved further toward the right, the valve rod 31 and the valve Il areopened coordinatedly to greater degrees, thereby increasing the volumeof air or steam admitted to the mixing chamber and simultaneouslycoordinately increasing the volume of oil admitted to the mixingchamber. This coordination is maintained automatically throughout therange of the burner from minimum to maximum consumption.

It has been demonstrated that continuationv takes place emeiently onlyon the outside of a stream of air, or steam and oil, and that themixture within these outside areas is ineiiiciently burned or fails toburn properly and is wasted. However, due to the hollow character of thestream issuing from the nozzle I3 by reason of the presence of the rod24 in the bore Il ofthe valve I6, whereby the hollow stream is created,the resultant hollow stream of air, or steam and oil in atomizedcondition, exemplifies the most efiicient type of varrangement forcombustion. Due to the fact that once the burner is ln operation theemission of the stream creates. a suction in the mixing chamber, thegravity fed oil entering the port 8 is drawn by vacuum into the front ofthe mixing chamber without the necessity of having the oil underpressure. Further, due to the high eiilciency of the annular crosssection stream emitted by the nozzle, due to the annular chamber formedby the bore I9 and the rod 24 in the valve I6, a smaller amount of airor steam under lower pressure than usual is required fo efiicientoperation of the burner,

Although there is shown and described herein a preferred embodiment ofthe invention, it is to be definitely understood that it is not desiredto limit the application of the invention thereto except as may berequired by the scope of the subjoined claims. I

Having described the invention, what is claimed as new is:

1. An oil burner comprising a support, a horizontal tubular oil chamberon said support, a nozzle on the forward end of said oil chamber havinga discharge passage axially aligned with, but having a substantiallysmaller diameter than that of the interior of said oil chamber andcommunicating therewith, said passage terminating at its rear end in atapered valve seat, a fluid pressure tube axially slidably mountedthrough the rear end of said oil chamber with the sides of said tube inspaced relation to the walls of said oil chamber, a valve mounted on theforward end of said tube, said valve comprising a body slidably iittingsaid oil chamber end having peripheral channel forming conduitsconnecting the forward and rearward parts of the oil chamber, said bodybeing formed with a bore receiving the forward end of the said tube,said bore tapering forwardly to a reduced cylindrical bore portionopening through the forward end of the body. a perforated plate acrossthe entrance to the tapering part of the bore, a rod projectingforwardly astra from said plate in coaxially spaced relation to saidreduced cylindrical bore portion whereby to form an annular orifice, theforward part of said body terminating in a tapering valve terminal forseating relative to the valve seat at the rear end of the passage in thenozzle, oil supply means connected with the oil chamber behind saidvalve body, a conduit for fluid under pressure connected to said fluidpressure tube, and control means comprising mechanism for moving saidpressure tube longitudinally to controllably unseat said valve terminalfrom the valve seat at the rear end of the discharge passage of thenozzle.

2. An oil burner according to claim 1 wherein said control means furthercomprises a hollow valve body mounted on the rear end of said pressuretube and having a valve seat in communication with said pressure tube,said hollow valve body being provided with means for supplying a fluidunder pressure thereto, a longitudinally movable valve rod for seatingand unseating with respect to the last mentioned valve seat to controlsaid supply to said pressure tube, said mechanism further comprisingmeans for simultaneously opening or closing said valves to deliver apredetermined volume of fluid in an annular iet to the rareward end ofthe passage through the nozzle in predetermined proportion to the amountof oil simultaneously drawn into said passage, said uid and oil beingthereby thoroughly mixed and ejected from the forward end of saidpassage in atomized form.

3. An oil burner according to claim 1 wherein said control means furthercomprises a hollow valve body mounted on the rear end of said pressuretube and having a valve seat in communication with said pressure tube,said hollow valve body being provided with means for supplying fluidunder pressure thereto, a longitudinally movable valve rod for seatingand unseating with respect to the last mentionned valve seat to controlsaid supply to said pressure tube, said mechanism further comprisingmeans for simultaneously opening or closing said valve and said valverod to coordinately determine the proportionate amounts of oil and fluidto be mixed in and discharged from the discharge passage of the nozzle,the last-mentioned means comprising link and lever means mounted on saidsupport and comprising a cam arm for operative engagement with I saidvalve rod and a connecting rod pivotally connected to said pressuretube, and a single lever for imparting motion thereto.

4. An oil burner according to claim 1 wherein said control means furthercomprises a hollow valve body mounted on the rear end of said pressuretube and having a valve seat in communication with said pressure tube,said hollow valve body being provided with means 4for supplying iluidunder pressure thereto. a longitudinally' movable valve rod adapted forseating on the valve seat to control the air or steam supply .w saidpressure tube, said mechanism further comprising means forsimultaneously operating said valve and valve rod to coordinatelydetermine the proportionate amounts of a mixture of oil and fluid to bedischarged in a hollow stream from the discharge passage of the nozzle,the valve operating means comprising a link and lever mounted on saidsupport and a cam arm engaging with said valve rod, a connecting rodpivotally connected to said pressure tube, a single lever for impartingmotion thereto, and an indicator arm, a segment having a scale relativeto which said indicator is movable to predetermine the coordinate amountof opening of the valve rod and the valve.

5. An oil burner comprising a support, a horizontal tubular oil chamberon said support, a nozzle on the forward end of said oil chamber, havinga rearward chambered section, and a discharge passage axially alignedwith, but having a substantially smaller diameter than that of theinterior of said oil chamber and communicating therewith, said passageterminating at its rearward end in a tapered valve seat, a fluidpressure tube slidably mounted through the rear end of the said oilchamber, in alignment with the longitudinal axis of, and spaced inrelation to the peripheral wall of said oil chamber, a head mounted onthe forward end of the said pressure tube, said head comprising a bodyslidably fitting the chambered rearward section of the nozzle, and saidbody having longitudinally disposed channels around the peripherythereof to permit the passage of oil around said body and a boreterminating in a chambered recess at the rearward end of said body toreceive an insert held in place in said chambered recess by the forwardend of the pressure tube, an axial stem on the insert extending forwardthrough said bore in spaced relation with the bore to form therewith anannular passageway in the forward part of the body, said forward part ofthe body being tapered externally for seating in the tappered valve seatof the nozzle to secure an operative closure for the valve seat, oilsupply means connected with the oil chamber behind said valve body, aconduit for fluid under pressure connected to said fluid pressure tube,and control means comprising mechanism for moving said pressure tubelongitudinally of the oil chamber to controllably coordinate theposition of the tapered forward part of the body with the rearward endof the discharge passage through the nozzle.

CLAY M. SNYDER.

